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\u4e2d\u5927\u6821\u957f\u5218\u9075\u4e49\u6559\u6388\u611f\u8c22\u65b0\u9e3f\u57fa\u5730\u4ea7\u548c\u65b0\u5730\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u517c\u8463\u4e8b\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\u90ed\u70b3\u8054\u535a\u58eb\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e94\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u9f0e\u529b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u963f\u7f57\u6559\u6388\u582a\u79f0\u8fc7\u53bb\u534a\u4e16\u7eaa\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u79f0\u9053\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7740\u4f5c\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u95e8\u751f\u5747\u6210\u5c31\u8f89\u714c\uff0c\u5982\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2027\u6d77\u8428\u5c3c\uff08John Harsanyi\uff09\u3001\u8fc8\u514b\u2027\u65af\u5f6d\u601d\uff08A. Michael Spence\uff09\u3001\u827e\u529b\u514b\u2027\u9a6c\u65af\u91d1\uff08Eric Maskin\uff09\u548c\u7f57\u683c\u2027\u6885\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Roger Myerson\uff09\uff0c\u56db\u4f4d\u5747\u4e3a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u3002\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8c22\u963f\u7f57\u6559\u6388\u8fdc\u9053\u8385\u4e34\u4e2d\u5927\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u4eab\u5176\u7cbe\u8f9f\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u300d<\/p>
\u5728\u8bb2\u5ea7\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u7f57\u6559\u6388\u63a2\u8ba8\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u7403\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u65b9\u5411— \u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u8d34\u8fd1\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u5e02\u573a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u5f97\u76ca\u6216\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u65b9\u4ed8\u51fa\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5e02\u573a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6765\u534f\u8c03\uff08\u5982\u6c61\u67d3\uff09\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4fbf\u987b\u63d2\u624b\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u672a\u88ab\u5e7f\u4e3a\u63a5\u7eb3\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u4ee4\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u8f83\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e0b\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u4f4e\u5bf9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u73b0\u91d1\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u5f81\u7a0e\u548c\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff09\u3002<\/p>
\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u60ef\u5e38\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5e94\u786e\u8ba4\u7528\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u5f81\u7a0e\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>
\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u672a\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u662f\u7236\u6bcd\u5bf9\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff08\u5b50\u5973\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u6b63\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u9000\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u8fc7\u53bb\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u5bb6\u536b\u56fd\u800c\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u5baa\u7ae0\u6cd5\u4f8b\u7684\u5236\u8ba2\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u963f\u7f57\u6559\u6388\u4ea6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u9000\u4f11\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u73b0\u65f6\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u5916\u90e8\u6548\u5e94\u751a\u5c11\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>
\u963f\u7f57\u6559\u6388\u73b0\u4e3a\u53f2\u4e39\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u30021972\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u7ea6\u7ff0\uff0e\u5e0c\u514b\u65af\uff08John R. Hicks\uff09\u540c\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u300c\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u5747\u8861\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u798f\u5229\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u300d\u3002\u963f\u7f57\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7740\u4f5c\u6db5\u76d6\u591a\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u4ee5\u8bc1\u5238\u4f5c\u98ce\u9669\u627f\u62c5\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5747\u8861\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u8d44\u8baf\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3001\u5e93\u5b58\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u53ca\u5176\u6d4b\u91cf\u3001\u533b\u7597\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u83b7\u5956\u65e0\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2027\u8d1d\u8328\u2027\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u5956\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8fd0\u7b79\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u5956\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u4e2a\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>
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\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7cfb\u5217\u4e00\u5411\u7d27\u8d34\u65f6\u4ee3\u8109\u640f\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e24\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u8bb2\u5ea7\u5206\u522b\u75311990\u5e74\u5f97\u5956\u4eba\u5a01\u5ec9\u2027\u590f\u666e\u6559\u6388\uff08Professor William F. Sharpe\uff09\u4e3b\u8bb2\u300c\u9000\u4f11\u878d\u8d44\uff1a\u96c6\u4f53\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d6\u5411\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca1993\u5e74\u5f97\u5956\u4eba\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u2027\u8bfa\u65af\u6559\u6388\uff08Professor Douglass C. North\uff09\u4e3b\u8bb2\u300c\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u900f\u89c6\u793e\u4f1a\u6f14\u5316\u52a8\u6001\u300d\u3002\u590f\u666e\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u5c06\u4e8e11\u670829\u65e5\u5047\u9999\u6e2f\u541b\u60a6\u9152\u5e97\u5bb4\u4f1a\u5927\u793c\u5802\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u8bfa\u65af\u6559\u6388\u5219\u5c06\u4e8e12\u670811\u65e5\u5047\u4e2d\u5927\u8499\u6c11\u4f1f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u5927\u697c\u6f14\u8bb2\u5385\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u4e24\u573a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u5747\u4f1a\u9884\u7559\u90e8\u5206\u95e8\u5238\u4f9b\u516c\u4f17\u514d\u8d39\u7d22\u53d6\uff0c\u8be6\u60c5\u5c06\u4e8e\u7a0d\u540e\u516c\u5e03\u3002<\/p>
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